In the United States, there is no regulation regarding accuracy of speedometers. The threat of civil action (lawsuits) ensures that manufacturers strive for speedometers that are very accurate or, to save money and comply with European mandates, read high. This is why American vehicles meant for the U.S. market will typically have very accurate speedometers. I know all of mine have.
In the EU and other European countries, regulations require that speedometers never read below the true speed of the vehicle. For example, the UN/ECE Regulation 39 mandates that speedometers read as follows: 0 ≤ (V1 – V2) ≤ 0.1(V2) + 8 km/h, where V1 is the displayed speed and V2 is the true speed, that the indicated speed is not below the true speed, and that test instrumentation to determine the true speed be accurate to within 0.5%. Test speeds vary based on the vehicle's maximum speed (vMax). For the Rocket 3, with a vMax in the highest category of > 150 km/h, the test speeds are 40, 80, and 120 km/h.
To simplify, this means the as-tested difference between the indicated speed and the true speed must be less than or equal to 10% of the true speed plus 4 km/h, and that the indicated speed be greater than the true speed. But since the test equipment can be up to 0.5% inaccurate, manufacturers need to account for the 0.5% inaccuracy in the speedometer's calibration to ensure they pass. Some examples:
True speed 100 km/h = 0.1(100) + 8 = 14 km/h
Speedometer must read between 100 and 118 km/h.
But since the test equipment can be off from the true speed by 0.5%, the speedometer will be engineered to read somewhere between 100.5 and 117.5 km/h
This is a real-world 0.5% through 17.5% inaccurately high reading.
Using the official test speeds from the regulation:
At 40 km/h, we're looking at a speedometer engineered to read anywhere from 40.2 through 51.8 km/h, or 0.5% through 29.5% high, with 15% being mid-range.
At 80 km/h, we're looking at a speedometer engineered to read anywhere from 80.4 through 95.6 km/h, or 0.5% through 19.5% high, with 10% being mid-range.
At 120 km/h, we're looking at a speedometer engineered to read anywhere from 120.6 through 139.4 km/h, or 0.5% through 16.2% high, with 8% being mid-range.
8% appears to give them a good buffer that complies with the highest test speed, which is right where the Rocket (and most other European vehicles I've owned) sits. Weirdly, my Tiger 1200 GT Pro only reads 3% high.
Correction to earlier, category L3 vehicles (includes the Rocket) are +8 km/h, not +4 km/h.
EUR-Lex - 42018X1857 - EN - EUR-Lex