Steel, Arto mentioned M/second. this is the speed that the piston travels up and down the bore.
The higher the RPM, the higher the M/second.
I've forgotten the numbers now, but this why Forged pistons were used in place of stock cast pistons (in older Engines)
The Forged pistons would survive a higher M/Second rate, where the cast ones would just plain wear out.
So max RPM is dictated by A) The length of the stroke (which gives M/Second or minute), and B) the type of piston used.
Wiseco Dives Into Piston Speed | RacePages Digital